ABSTRACT
            Background and Objectives: Citrus fruits and their constituents especially naringin (NR), a natural predominant flavanone, have a wide range of pharmacological activities without toxicity against cancer cells. The aim of this study was to investigate the anticancer effects of orange peel extract (OPE) and naringin (NR) on esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) cells.
            Methods: Amount of phenol, flavonoid and antioxidants in OPE was determined using Folin-Ciocalteu procedure, aluminum chloride colorimetric and DPPH assays, respectively. Effects of NR and OPE on viability, wound healing assay and DNA fragmentation using DAPI were investigated. Data were analyzed by ImageJ software and GraphPad Prism 6.0 at significance of 0.05.
            Results: Total amount of phenols, flavonoids and 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl was 2.83, 2.143 and 60.76 g/100g of OPE. Amount of NR in the dried OPE was estimated to be 5.260 (µg/gr) using high-performance liquid chromatography. Treatment of ESCC cells with OPE or NR decreased viability y of cancer cells in a dose-dependent manner. In addition, both OPE and NR were able to decrease cell migration and increase DNA fragmentation.
            Conclusion: The findings of our study suggest that OPE and NR have anticancer effects on ESCC cells but the anticancer effects of OPE was better than that of NR alone.
            Keywords: Orange peel extract, Naringin, Migration, Esophageal squamous cell carcinoma.

Background: The incidental discovery of papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) in cervical lymph nodes during neck dissection for tongue squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) is an exceedingly rare finding, reported in approximately 0.3 - 1.6% of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) cases. Differentiating between metastatic PTC and papillary carcinoma arising in aberrant thyroid tissue poses a diagnostic challenge, especially in the absence of a detectable thyroid mass.
Case Presentation: A 35-year-old male presented with a rapidly growing ulcero-proliferative lesion on the lateral border of the tongue for four months. Biopsy revealed moderately differentiated SCC. The patient underwent hemiglossectomy with supraomohyoid neck dissection. Histopathology confirmed SCC with clear margins and no nodal metastasis; however, one cervical lymph node revealed thyroid follicles with cells showing optically clear nuclei. Immunohistochemistry was positive for TTF1 and HBME-1, confirming metastatic PTC. No palpable thyroid nodule was identified, and computed tomography demonstrated only hypodense colloid nodules. Thyroid function tests were normal, and the patient remains disease-free on follow-up without thyroid surgery.
Conclusion: The coexistence of tongue SCC and metastatic PTC in cervical lymph nodes is exceptionally uncommon. The absence of a primary thyroid lesion raises questions regarding the origin - occult metastasis versus transformation in aberrant thyroid tissue. The literature supports conservative management with vigilant follow-up when thyroid imaging shows no evidence of malignancy. Meticulous histopathological examination of neck dissection specimens in HNSCC is vital. Management should be individualized, balancing surgical intervention and surveillance based on clinic radiologic findings.